2025-08-19
49 篇热帖
2. How we exploited CodeRabbit: From simple PR to RCE and write access on 1M repos (research.kudelskisecurity.com)
Aug 19, 2025 - Nils Amiet -
3. OpenMower – An open source lawn mower (github.com)
Let's upgrade cheap off-the-shelf robotic mowers to modern, smart RTK GPS based lawn mowing robots! - ClemensElflein/OpenMower
4. "Remove mentions of XSLT from the html spec" (github.com)
HTML Standard. Contribute to whatwg/html development by creating an account on GitHub.
5. Obsidian Bases (help.obsidian.md)
## Obsidian Bases 简介
**来源**: Obsidian 官方帮助文档
**核心内容**: 该内容片段是 Obsidian 帮助文档中关于“Bases”功能的介绍性页面的元数据或配置部分。
**关键信息**:
* **标题**: Obsidian Bases
* **描述**: 介绍 Bases(基础功能/库)。
* **目的**: 该页面旨在为用户提供关于 Obsidian 中“Bases”功能的基础性介绍和说明。
* **结构**: 以 YAML 格式的元数据(frontmatter)开头,用于定义文档的标题和描述信息。
* **功能定位**: 作为用户了解 Obsidian 相关基础概念或功能的入口文档。
6. Show HN: OS X Mavericks Forever (mavericksforever.com)
7. Show HN: Whispering – Open-source, local-first dictation you can trust (github.com)
Open-source, local-first apps. Contribute to EpicenterHQ/epicenter development by creating an account on GitHub.
8. UK drops demand for backdoor into Apple encryption (www.theverge.com)
The United Kingdom will no longer force Apple to provide backdoor access to secure user data protected by the company’s iCloud encryption service.
9. Custom telescope mount using harmonic drives and ESP32 (www.svendewaerhert.com)
How I went from buying a €200 tracker to building a custom telescope mount with harmonic drives, ESP32, and way more engineering than necessary
10. Croatian freediver held breath for 29 minutes (divernet.com)
The world record for longest underwater breath-hold using oxygen is often viewed as much as a conjuring trick as an athletic feat - and at one time the title
11. T-Mobile claimed selling location data without consent is legal–judges disagree (arstechnica.com)
T-Mobile can't overturn $92 million fine; Verizon verdict still to come.
12. Without the futex, it's futile (h4x0r.org)
Review: It's a history text, not a CS text
13. Tiny-tpu: A minimal tensor processing unit (TPU), inspired by Google's TPU (github.com)
A minimal tensor processing unit (TPU), inspired by Google's TPU V2 and V1 - tiny-tpu-v2/tiny-tpu
14. Lightning declines over shipping lanes following regulation of sulfur emissions (theconversation.com)
An unplanned experiment takes scientists closer to solving a long-standing mystery: To what extent, if any, have human-created emissions influenced thunderstorms?
15. Left to Right Programming (graic.net)
Programs Should Be Valid as They Are Typed
16. How to Think About GPUs (jax-ml.github.io)
We love TPUs at Google, but GPUs are great too. This chapter takes a deep dive into the world of GPUs – how each chip works, how they're networked together, and what that means for LLMs, especially compared to TPUs. While there are a multitude of GPU architectures from NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, and others, here we will focus on NVIDIA GPUs. This section builds on <a href='https://jax-ml.github.io/scaling-book/tpus/'>Chapter 2</a> and <a href='https://jax-ml.github.io/scaling-book/training'>Chapter 5</a>, so you are encouraged to read them first.
17. GenAI FOMO has spurred businesses to light nearly $40B on fire (www.theregister.com)
: MIT NANDA study finds only 5 percent of organizations using AI tools in production at scale
18. Google is killing the open web (wok.oblomov.eu)
The juggernaut is taking advantage of its dominant position to enclose and destroy the commons.
19. How Not to Buy a SSD (andrei.xyz)
If you recall, about a month ago I managed to get an Apple iMac from 2006. that looked great. Unfortunately, after replacing the SSD and adding some stuff to it, the system crashed. Today, I wanted to play with the SSD a bit and discoverd super very low transfer speeds (less than 600KB/s). After opening Disk Utility and running the “Repair Disk” option, the speed seems to have picked up, going to 2.
20. Show HN: Fractional jobs – part-time roles for engineers (www.fractionaljobs.io)
Find fractional work in your job function - Engineering | Marketing | Design | Sales | Finance | and more. We help senior talent become successful fractional operators, and we help companies reach and recruit that senior talent directly.
21. Prime Number Grid (susam.net)
Explore the distribution of prime numbers in a grid.
22. Ted Chiang: The Secret Third Thing (linch.substack.com)
The definitive Ted Chiang review: why he's probably the best short story writer alive and what even his biggest fans miss about his work.
23. Newsmax agrees to pay $67M in defamation case over bogus 2020 election claims (apnews.com)
保守派媒体Newsmax同意支付6700万美元,以和解一项指控其散布关于2020年总统选举的虚假信息、从而诽谤投票设备公司Dominion Voting Systems的诉讼。该和解协议于周五达成,并在提交给美国证券交易委员会的文件中披露。此前,特拉华州高等法院法官埃里克·戴维斯已裁定Newsmax确实通过播放虚假信息诽谤了Dominion公司,但将是否构成恶意以及具体赔偿金额的裁定留给了陪审团。案件在开庭审判前达成和解。
此次和解是继福克斯新闻频道在2023年支付7.875亿美元和解类似诉讼,以及Newsmax此前以4000万美元和解另一家投票机制造商Smartmatic提起的诽谤诉讼之后,又一起涉及2020年大选虚假指控的巨额法律案件。在诉讼过程中公布的内部通讯显示,Newsmax的内部人员知道相关选举舞弊指控是毫无根据的,但看到了迎合相信特朗普获胜的观众的商业机会。
法院此前裁定,Newsmax确实诽谤了Dominion公司。诉讼中提到的虚假信息包括宣传涉及已故委内瑞拉总统的阴谋论,称Dominion的机器被操纵以帮助拜登获胜。Newsmax在2020年12月撤回了其中一些最严重的指控。尽管特朗普及其支持者坚持其选举舞弊指控,但大量诉讼失败,多次重新计票、审查和审计均未发现重大不当行为,并确认了拜登的胜利。
与此同时,特朗普在社交媒体上誓言要取消邮寄选票和Dominion等公司供应的投票机。此外,特朗普曾发布行政命令,针对代理Dominion和福克斯新闻诉讼案的律师事务所Susman Godfrey,但该命令被联邦法官暂时叫停,法官称其构成“令人震惊的权力滥用”。
24. Lab-grown salmon hits the menu (www.smithsonianmag.com)
The decision clears the way for the first cultured fish to join the small but growing alternative protein market
25. BBC witnesses settlers attack on Palestinian farm in West Bank (www.bbc.com)
A BBC team was interviewing a Palestinian farmer when masked men charged towards them.
26. Phrack 72 (phrack.org)
Phrack is both a technical journal and a cultural document. Like all zines, it represents a snapshot of the scene at the time.
27. WebR – R in the Browser (docs.r-wasm.org)
28. Positron, a New Data Science IDE (posit.co)
29. I run a full Linux desktop in Docker just because I can (www.howtogeek.com)
30. My Retro TVs (www.myretrotvs.com)
项目概述
- 名称:MyRetroTVs
- 描述:这是一个提供怀旧电视模拟器的项目,旨在让用户通过这些模拟器调谐到失落的几十年,重温过去的怀旧体验。
- 图像:项目使用分享标志图像(路径为 /share-logo-v2.png),以增强视觉呈现。
31. Show HN: We started building an AI dev tool but it turned into a Sims-style game (www.youtube.com)
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
32. Elegant mathematics bending the future of design (actu.epfl.ch)
C-Tubes:用平面材料弯曲未来的设计
瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的研究人员开发了一种创新方法,能够利用平面材料(如纸张、铝板或塑料)构建复杂、弯曲的三维结构。这项名为 C-Tubes 的技术,其核心是结合创意与一种新型计算算法,实现了从平面到特定曲面的稳定转换,无需昂贵的成型工具和反复试错。
技术原理:优雅数学支撑
- 可展曲面:设计基于“可展曲面”的概念,即可以从平面展开而不被拉伸或撕裂的曲面(如纸张可卷成圆柱体)。
- 算法创新:研究团队开发了一种算法,能自动设计并优化由平面条带切割、弯曲并连接而成的管状结构(C-Tubes)。这些条带在组装后能形成空间中弯曲、扭转和环形的形状。
- 结构强度:尽管原材料在组装前是柔性的,但组装后的C-Tubes结构表现出惊人的刚度和强度。
应用与可持续优势
- 设计自由度:设计师可以专注于美学和功能,算法确保了设计的可制造性,避免了材料褶皱或撕裂问题。
- 可持续生产:与传统切割或模具方法相比,该技术产生的废料更少,材料需求更低,从而节省了生产和运输能耗。平面材料也更易于获取、运输和回收。
- 现有原型:研究团队已设计出摇椅和灯具原型,展示了该技术的可行性。
未来展望与挑战
- 潜在应用:该技术可应用于建筑(如大型屋顶、穹体)、船体、汽车设计等需要轻质高强度曲面的领域。
- 采用阻力:创新在传统行业中可能面临采用惯性的挑战。团队希望找到合作伙伴,共同展示该技术能以简单方式创造复杂产品。
- 项目意义:该项目被认为是材料、设计与优雅数学之间完美结合的典范,其数学理论的优雅性与物理原型的实用性同样令人着迷。
33. Shamelessness as a strategy (2019) (nadia.xyz)
I’ve enjoyed playing a game called Avalon recently. I won’t go too far into the rules, but it’s a hidden role game in the vein of Secret Hitler or Werewolf, where one team is “good”, trying to uncover who among them is “evil”, before the evil team wins.
34. The lottery ticket hypothesis: why neural networks work (nearlyright.com)
The lottery ticket hypothesis explains why massive neural networks succeed despite centuries of theory predicting they should fail
35. Critical Cache Poisoning Vulnerability in Dnsmasq (lists.thekelleys.org.uk)
Dnsmasq 缓存中毒漏洞安全报告摘要
漏洞类型:缓存中毒防御逻辑缺陷
受影响软件:Dnsmasq(所有版本)
严重性:严重
攻击名称:SHAR攻击(通过ASCII解析器静默的单字符劫持)
漏洞原理
- Dnsmasq 将包含特定特殊字符(如
~、!、*、_)的 DNS 查询转发给上游递归解析器。 - 某些上游解析器会静默丢弃此类畸形查询,不返回
NXDomain或ServFail响应。 - Dnsmasq 未能检测此静默情况,会持续等待响应,从而形成一个较大的攻击时间窗口。
- 攻击者可在此窗口内暴力破解 16 位的事务 ID(TxID)和 16 位的源端口,成功率高(受生日悖论影响)。
关键影响
- 攻击者可毒化 Dnsmasq 缓存中的任意域名记录。
- 攻击为离路径攻击,无需 IP 分片或侧信道技术。
- 该漏洞会放大已知的缓存中毒攻击(如 SADDNS、Tudoor)。
- 破坏了“解析器静默即安全”的 DNS 安全假设。
概念验证
- 研究人员针对真实域名
viticm.com进行测试,证实通过特定字符查询可导致上游静默。 - 在所有测试中均成功毒化 Dnsmasq 缓存,成功率为 20/20,平均执行时间约 9,469 秒。
缓解建议
- 增加上游解析器静默检测机制。
- 实施速率限制与欺骗检测技术(参考 PowerDNS 的
spoof-nearmiss-max策略)。
附加信息
- 报告由清华大学(苗发生)与南开大学(李祥)的研究人员提交。
- 因 Dnsmasq 部署广泛,该问题需紧急关注。
36. Why I'm all-in on Zen Browser (werd.io)
After Arc's pivot to AI left power users behind, I found the browser I actually wanted.
37. Show HN: I built a toy TPU that can do inference and training on the XOR problem (www.tinytpu.com)
这篇内容详细记录了一群硬件设计新手如何从零开始构建一个能运行在XOR问题上的玩具TPU(张量处理单元)项目,旨在通过实践来理解其工作原理。
项目目标与动机
- 团队成员均无硬件设计经验,选择挑战TPU是因其复杂性难以预估。
- 遵循“始终尝试笨办法”的哲学,优先用自身思路解决问题而非逆向工程,从而重新发明了TPU的关键机制。
- 项目也旨在锻炼不依赖AI工具、自主思考解决问题的能力。
核心技术与硬件基础
- TPU是一种专用集成电路(ASIC),专为高效执行矩阵乘法而优化,这对于神经网络(如MLP、Transformer)的推理和训练至关重要。
- 使用硬件描述语言Verilog进行设计,描述电路行为,并在时钟周期的驱动下同步执行操作。
- 为简化,将网络规模缩减为解决XOR问题的2→2→1多层感知机(MLP),并使用2x2的脉动阵列。
TPU核心架构与工作机制
- 脉动阵列:作为TPU核心,由多个处理单元(PE)网格状连接而成。每个PE执行乘加运算,数据像心跳一样在阵列中规律流动。采用权重驻留方式。
- 数据流预处理:输入数据和权重需经过旋转、交错和转置等操作,以适配脉动阵列的输入要求。
- 流水线与双缓冲:
- 采用流水线设计,使偏置加法、激活函数等不同阶段能重叠执行,提高吞吐量。
- 利用双缓冲技术,在脉动阵列计算当前层时,预先加载下一层的权重,从而隐藏加载延迟,支持连续推理。
- 向量处理单元:整合了偏置加法、激活函数(使用Leaky ReLU)、损失函数计算及激活导数计算等逐元素操作,形成了一个灵活的模块。
- 统一缓冲区:一个具有双读写端口的暂存器存储器,用于存储输入、权重、偏置、前向传播的激活值等,确保数据能及时供应给脉动阵列,实现“持续喂养”。
从推理扩展到训练
- 关键洞察:发现反向传播的梯度计算与前向传播的激活计算在数学结构上高度对称,同样主要依赖矩阵乘法,因此可以复用脉动阵列。
- 实现方法:
- 计算损失函数(MSE)对预激活输出(Z)的梯度,作为反向传播的起点。
- 利用链式法则,计算梯度的过程也转化为一系列矩阵乘法(例如,∂L/∂W = (∂L/∂Z)^T * X)。
- 当输入批次大小超过阵列尺寸时,采用分块技术,将大矩阵拆分为多个小块依次计算,再累加结果。
- 梯度下降模块接收计算出的梯度流,直接对存储器中的权重和偏置进行更新。
- 控制与指令集:设计了复杂的94位指令集架构,以精确控制数据流、各模块使能及操作模式,协调推理与训练的全过程。
成果与意义 项目最终成功在玩具TPU上实现了XOR问题的完整推理和训练流程。它以一个可运行的示例,直观揭示了TPU通过高度专业化和并行化硬件(尤其是脉动阵列)来高效执行神经网络计算的核心思想。
38. What could have been (coppolaemilio.com)
Even if we manage to snap out of the AI bubble, we are never going to get these years back. I can only be left to wonder what could have been.
39. 'Ad Blocking Is Not Piracy' Decision Overturned by Top German Court (torrentfreak.com)
Legal action by publisher Axel Springer, which aims to outlaw ad blocking on copyright grounds, has been revived by Germany's top court.
40. PyPI Preventing Domain Resurrection Attacks (blog.pypi.org)
PyPI 防范域名复活攻击的安全措施
核心机制
PyPI 实施了针对过期域名的检查机制,以防止“域名复活攻击”这类供应链攻击。攻击者可能购买已过期的域名,并通过密码重置功能劫持与该域名关联的 PyPI 账户。该措施通过将过期域名关联的邮箱地址标记为“未验证”,切断了通过此类邮箱进行密码重置的途径,从而增强了账户安全性。
技术实现
- 域名状态监控:PyPI 利用 Domainr 的 Status API 定期(当前周期为30天)查询用户账户中使用的自定义域名状态。
- 关键判断:当域名进入“赎回期”(Redemption Period),表明其已过期且原所有者可能失去控制权。PyPI 会将该域名关联的所有已验证邮箱地址自动取消验证。
- 后续处理:一旦邮箱被取消验证,PyPI 将不会向该地址发送密码重置链接。
背景与影响
- 攻击现实性:此类攻击曾在2022年发生过,影响了PyPI的一个项目,其他包生态系统也曾遭遇类似漏洞。
- 防护重点:主要防范2024年1月1日前注册、未强制开启双重认证(2FA)的旧账户被接管。对于已启用2FA的账户,攻击者仍需破解第二因素或进行账户恢复,增加了攻击难度。
- 执行范围:自2025年6月初实施以来,PyPI已累计取消验证超过1800个关联了过期域名的邮箱地址。
对用户的建议
- 添加备用邮箱:建议用户为PyPI账户添加一个使用主流域名(如Gmail)的第二验证邮箱,以提高账户恢复能力。
- 启用双重认证:在PyPI及其他关联服务(如代码托管平台)上启用2FA,防止通过密码重置或账户恢复流程的连锁攻击。
局限性
该措施并非绝对可靠,例如无法检测合法的域名转移。但它能显著关闭一个主要的攻击向量,提高攻击者的实施成本与难度。
41. XZ Utils Backdoor Still Lurking in Docker Images (www.binarly.io)
In this blog, we share a new finding in the XZ Utils saga: several Docker images built around the time of the compromise contain the backdoor. At first…
42. How to Build a Medieval Castle (archaeology.org)
Why are archaeologists constructing a thirteenth-century fortress in the forests of France?
43. Miles from the ocean, there's diving beneath the streets of Budapest (www.cnn.com)
The same thermal waters that feed Budapest’s famous baths and spas have also created a subterranean underwater labyrinth that divers are still discovering.
44. Newgrounds: Flash Forward 2025 (www.newgrounds.com)
💰 We are looking for prize sponsors! Bigger prizes = more Flash for us to enjoy. Read below for details.Flash Forward Jam 2025Time for our fifth annual Flash Forward Jam! This event celebrates the legacy of Flash while giving people cool new Flash games and interactive movies. It’s an alternate reality where Flash never died!Entries are expected to run in the browser, thanks to Ruffle. Ruffle will run just about any AS2 game and many more AS3 games than last year, with better performance as well. Read the September Ruffle update for details on some of the changes since the last Flash Forward Jam.Jam Requirements:Make a game or interactive movie with Flash. Interactive movies include animation collabs with cool menu systems, or something with decisions / alternate endings.Confirm it works via Ruffle before publishing. You will see a “Test with Ruffle” link on your preview page. Ruffle is what we use to run Flash on NG without the Flash plugin.Please avoid the use of copyrighted character and unlicensed commercial music. We love it when people work with artists from the Audio Portal and also manage an additional list of music resources.Your entry should be making its premier during the jam, meaning please don't re-release a previous project and expect to be considered for a prize. Please tell us if your work is a release of something that existed previously.Publish on NG by end of day April 20th with the “Flash-Forward-2025” tag.April 6th is the 25th anniversary of NG’s Flash Portal becoming the first place on the Internet where people could instantly publish movies and games. It would be awesome if you could publish your Flash Forward entry ON April 6th, to make the whole day a big event. This isn't a requirement, though.The deadline has been extended and is now April 20th.Note, if you want your entry to run well on mobile, be sure your buttons have a large click space to capture finger taps.Game Prizes:1st - $12002nd - $7003rd - $4004th - $1505th - $75Movie with Interactive Element Prizes:1st - $1502nd - $1003rd - $50We’re crowdfunding prize money! Use the donation option on the Supporter page and PM me a heads up you donated towards the Flash jam.Thank you to our Sponsors!@matt-likes-swords - $500@carbonlad - $500@Lochie - $420.69@BoMToons - $250@Zombie-Pimp - $150@wheezl - $100@The-EXP - $100@EdChar - $100Team Sea3on - $100@FutureCopLGF - $50@53xy83457 - $50@HazmatVT - $50@Aalasteir - $30@Unicronicorn - $30@Dungeonation - $20@RileyVerse - $20@Anamonator - $10@ZombieGhost - $10@TecNoir - $10@ItzJustKey - $10@Superstrike11 - $10@Webtoon - $5@Wegra - $1Newgrounds - $300Note Regarding the NG API for Medals and/or High ScoresSince the first Flash Forward, we updated the Project System to default to our HTML5 API (Newgrounds.io). Last year we provided instructions to access the old Flash API but this year @Psychogoldish has something else in the pipe - we’ll be introducing Flash components that utilize our modern API! Watch this space for updates.Update: PsychoGoldfish announced a Newgrounds.io library for ActionScript 2.0, to replace our old Flash API!Need Help with Flash?@JackSmack has made a blog post of helpful classic AS: Main forum posts!@mtv129 has organized a collection of AS3: Main Tutorials and Resources!We also have some classic Flash and Flash Game Tutorials in the wiki.For examples of previous Flash Forward entries, check out the archives:Flash Forward Jam promo art by @zattdott!Other EventsJuly 6th is NG’s 30th birthday and we’d love to see anything people want to make in celebration of this milestone.@Whirlguy, @intrapath, @jamriot and @Mantis are organizing a 30th Anniversary Collab modelled after the 20th Anniversary Collab!Whirlguy has kicked off the 30th Anniversary Audio Collab to create a bunch of themed music.Mantis has kicked off the 30th Anniversary Art Collab, where the art will be used in a game.There are other activities being organized, feel welcome to organize your own. Porter is organizing a standalone 30th Anniversary Wall Art Collab to create a site skin, for example!
45. AI Is a Mass-Delusion Event (www.theatlantic.com)
Three years in, one of AI’s enduring impacts is to make people feel like they’re losing it.
46. 450× Faster Joins with Index Condition Pushdown (readyset.io)
Increase the scale of your PostgreSQL and MySQL deployment by up to 100x with Readyset - all without modifying your application code or database. Start using Readyset today for free!
47. How much do electric car batteries degrade? (www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com)
电动汽车电池衰退机制主要分为两种:日历老化与循环老化。日历老化指电池即使不使用也会随时间缓慢损失容量,因固态电解质界面(SEI)膜增厚会消耗锂离子,通常每年损失1%-2%,高温环境下会加剧。循环老化则源于充放电过程中锂离子在电极间移动产生的机械应力,逐渐破坏电极结构并进一步增厚SEI膜,导致容量下降。
电池衰退在最初20,000英里(约32,000公里)内较为明显,随后进入缓慢线性下降阶段。例如,在最初25,000英里内容量可能损失3%-5%,但此后衰退速度显著放缓。
实际衰退数据远低于预期:
- 特斯拉2023年影响力报告显示,Model 3/Model Y行驶200,000英里(约320,000公里)后平均容量损失15%,Model S/X损失12%,此时仍保持超过80%的初始容量。
- 对7,000辆车的AVILOO研究表明,即使行驶300,000公里(约186,000英里),多数电池容量仍高于80%。
- 对15,000辆车(总里程2.5亿英里)的研究发现,仅1.5%因任何原因更换电池,因衰退需更换的比例更低。
早期日产Leaf因被动散热系统导致严重衰退,但当前主流车企(如特斯拉、通用、大众等)均采用液冷主动温控系统,大幅改善了电池耐久性。
实验室预测与真实数据存在差异:P3等模型常高估衰退速率,而《自然能源》期刊研究指出,实际驾驶条件下电池寿命比实验室测试长约38%。厂商提供的保修政策也反映对电池寿命的信心:多数提供8-10年/10万英里(约16万公里)保修,容量低于70%可免费维修或更换;部分品牌如奔驰、雷克萨斯保修里程更高达15万英里(约24万公里)或60万英里(约96万公里)。
延长电池寿命的实用建议:
- 避免极端高温或低温环境,可选配热泵车型以减少低温充电损耗。
- 避免长期维持过高(>80%)或过低(<10%)电量状态。
- 减少频繁使用快充,例如出租车队因过度依赖快充导致电池更换率较高。
尽管电池容量可能在使用周期内下降10%-20%,但对大多数用户而言并非关键障碍。电池技术与化学材料持续进步,当前及未来车型的电池耐久性将进一步提升。
48. Launch HN: Uplift (YC S25) – Voice models for under-served languages
49. Show HN: Strix - Open-source AI hackers for your apps (github.com)
Open-source AI hackers to find and fix your app’s vulnerabilities. - usestrix/strix