1. Show HN: A store that generates products from anything you type in search (anycrap.shop)
Type anything into the search bar. AI creates a full product page with image, price, and reviews. It's a parody store for imaginary products.
2025-09-13
45 篇热帖
2. EU court rules nuclear energy is clean energy (www.weplanet.org)
The highest court in the EU just reaffirmed that nuclear energy meets the scientific and environmental standards to be included in sustainable finance, and Greenpeace still refuses to budge.
3. Corporations are trying to hide job openings from US citizens (thehill.com)
4. UTF-8 is a brilliant design (iamvishnu.com)
Exploring the brilliant design of UTF-8 encoding system that represents millions of characters while being backward compatible with ASCII
5. QGIS is a free, open-source, cross platform geographical information system (github.com)
QGIS is a free, open source, cross platform (lin/win/mac) geographical information system (GIS) - qgis/QGIS
6. Japan sets record of nearly 100k people aged over 100 (www.bbc.com)
The number of Japanese centenarians rose to 99,763 in September, with women making up 88% of the total.
7. ‘Overworked, underpaid’ humans train Google’s AI (www.theguardian.com)
Contracted AI raters describe grueling deadlines, poor pay and opacity around work to make chatbots intelligent
8. Four-year wedding crasher mystery solved (www.theguardian.com)
Bride finally tracks down awkward-looking stranger she and husband noticed only when looking through photos
9. Removing newlines in FASTA file increases ZSTD compression ratio by 10x (log.bede.im)
10. SkiftOS: A hobby OS built from scratch using C/C++ for ARM, x86, and RISC-V (skiftos.org)
SkiftOS 摘要
SkiftOS 是一个 hobby 操作系统，使用 C/C++ 从头构建，旨在用于学习和娱乐。它支持多种处理器架构，包括 ARM、x86 和 RISC-V。系统的关键特性包括名为 hjert 的内核、一个带有 compositing 窗口管理器的图形用户界面，以及熟悉的 UNIX 实用工具。
11. Life, work, death and the peasant: Rent and extraction (acoup.blog)
前现代农业社会中农民的租赁与剥削
本文探讨了前现代农业社会中农民家庭在土地资源有限、需缴纳地租和遭受精英阶层剥削的条件下的生存状况。核心论点是：农民家庭的劳动能力远超其自有土地所能容纳的规模，而开垦新土地极其困难，因此他们不得不租种大地主的土地，但租佃条件通常对农民非常不利。
土地稀缺与家庭劳动力过剩
前现代农业社会中，典型农民家庭的土地规模极小。历史数据显示：
- 罗马农民：约5-10尤格（3.12-6.23英亩）
- 中国汉代北方：约100亩（4.764英亩）
- 托勒密埃及本土农民：约5-10阿鲁拉（3.4-6.8英亩）
- 法国朗格多克地区圣蒂贝里村（1460年）：中位土地规模仅5塞特雷（约3英亩）
与之形成对比的是，一个能够充分利用劳动力的理想农场规模应达到30-56英亩。这导致农民家庭存在大量剩余劳动力。例如，拥有3尤格（1.85英亩）土地的贫困家庭，在理想条件下（8:1的产出比）仅能满足14-32%的生存需求，剩余劳动力高达767-775个工作日。
租佃关系与剥削机制
由于缺乏足够自有土地，农民必须通过租佃获得额外耕地。典型的分成租佃制下，地主提供土地，农民提供劳动力，产出通常按50/50分配。若地主还提供种子、耕畜等，农民分成比例可能降至20-40%。
在这种制度下：
- 拥有6尤格（3.8英亩）自有地的家庭，通过租佃24尤格（14.95英亩）土地，才能勉强满足生存需求
- 仅小家庭（The Smalls）有可能接近“体面生活”标准
- 租佃土地的净收益仅相当于自有土地收益的一半
租佃改变了农民的激励结构。由于边际收益递减和边际效用递减，农民通常不会追求最大产出，而是满足于“生存加少量盈余”的状态。在自有土地耕作完毕后，租佃土地的收益大幅下降，进一步削弱了额外劳动的动力。
精英阶层的剥削手段
地主精英通过多种方式榨取农民的剩余产品和劳动力：
- 高额地租：实物地租通常占收成的50%以上
- 强制劳役（corvée）：农民每年需为地主或国家提供无偿劳动数周至数月
- 军事征召：如罗马共和国时期，约10-15%的农村劳动力被征入军队
- 高额税收：托勒密埃及本土农民的税率可达50%，远高于马其顿定居者的8.3-10%
- 债务奴役：歉收年份农民被迫向地主借贷，形成难以偿还的债务，导致人身依附
劳动强度与生活状况
在剥削机制作用下，农民的实际劳动时间远超维持生计所需：
- 年工作日：250-300天
- 每日工作时间：10-12小时
- 年工作时间：2500-3600小时
这远高于现代工业社会的工作时间（美国约2000小时/年），但所换取的生活水平却极低。农民的大部分劳动成果被精英阶层攫取，用于支撑国家机器、奢侈生活和公共工程。
社会结构与历史影响
这种剥削关系是前现代农业社会维持精英统治和文明发展的基础。精英阶层通过控制土地和剥削农民，获得了战争、建筑、文化和政治活动所需的资源。但这也导致了农民永远无法积累足够资本改变自身处境，社会流动性极低。
土地稀缺还推动了领土扩张和殖民运动，因为获得新土地能显著改善农民生活。但新征服的土地往往被复制成同样的剥削体系，而非分配给农民建立独立农场。
女性劳动负担是这种家庭经济中尚未充分讨论的重要部分，将在下文中继续探讨。
12. FFglitch, FFmpeg fork for glitch art (ffglitch.org)
FFglitch 是一个基于 FFmpeg 的分支工具，主要用于创作故障艺术（glitch art）。本文页面汇集了多位艺术家使用 FFglitch 创作的代表性作品示例。
主要艺术家与作品：
- Thomas Collet：在 Vimeo、Instagram 和 Reddit 平台发布大量 FFglitch 作品，主题涉及人群运动、城市景观等。
- Kaspar Ravel：与 Thomas Collet 合作，在博客中记录了将“生命游戏”编码到数据融合（datamosh）中的实验，并分享了相关 GIF 和 Reddit 帖子。
- Sebastien Brias：在 Instagram 上展示了使用 FFglitch 创作的故障艺术作品。
- Myra Rivera：在其网站和 Instagram 上展示了“故障花卉”（Glitched Flowers）系列作品及展览。
- Jason Hallen：在其个人网站上展示了基于 FFglitch 的实验性作品。
- glit_chbee：在 Instagram 上发布了配合音乐的故障艺术视频。
- nowahe：在 Reddit 上分享了相关创作。
- Ben Cooper：结合 avidemux、tomato.py 和 FFglitch 制作视频片段。
- Jo Grys：在 Facebook 上发布作品，可通过 #ffglitch 标签查找更多内容。
此外，页面还收集了网络上散布的其他 FFglitch 创作示例，包括 Reddit 和 Facebook 小组中的作品。
13. Legal win (ma.tt)
Just got word that the court dismissed several of WP Engine and Silver Lake’s most serious claims — antitrust, monopolization, and extortion have been knocked out! These were by far the most signif…
14. California lawmakers pass SB 79, housing bill that brings dense housing (www.latimes.com)
After months of debate, California lawmakers on Friday passed SB 79, a housing bill that overrides local zoning laws to bring high-density housing up to nine stories tall to transit hubs.
15. Social media promised connection, but it has delivered exhaustion (www.noemamag.com)
Social media promised connection, but it has delivered exhaustion.
16. AI Coding (geohot.github.io)
In my old age I’ve mostly given up trying to convince anyone of anything. Most people do not care to find the truth, they care about what pumps their bags. Some people go as far as to believe that perception is reality and that truth is a construction. I hope there’s a special place in hell for those people.
17. My first impressions of gleam (mtlynch.io)
Updates about my life and what I learn about creating software
18. Java 25's new CPU-Time Profiler (mostlynerdless.de)
Learn all about Java 25's new CPU-time profiler and why it matters in this weeks blog post from the creator himself.
19. Proton Mail suspended journalist accounts at request of cybersecurity agency (theintercept.com)
The journalists were reporting on suspected North Korean hackers. Proton only reinstated their accounts after a public outcry.
20. OpenAI Grove (openai.com)
21. NASA's Guardian Tsunami Detection Tech Catches Wave in Real Time (www.jpl.nasa.gov)
22. 486Tang – 486 on a credit-card-sized FPGA board (nand2mario.github.io)
23. Which colours dominate movie posters and why? (stephenfollows.com)
I analysed 58,687 movie posters from the past century to see which colours dominate, how their use has shifted over time and what each hue signals to audiences.
24. Mago: A fast PHP toolchain written in Rust (github.com)
Mago is a toolchain for PHP that aims to provide a set of tools to help developers write better code. - carthage-software/mago
25. An annual blast of Pacific cold water did not occur (www.nytimes.com)
26. Raspberry Pi Synthesizers – How the Pi is transforming synths (www.gearnews.com)
The Raspberry Pi is finding its way into more and more synthesizers. Do your synths have a slice of Pi inside? Read on to find out.
27. How FOSS Projects Handle Legal Takedown Requests (f-droid.org)
When a legal takedown request arrives, whether it’s about copyright, censorship, privacy or something more vague, how a Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) ...
28. Polylaminin, a drug considered capable of reversing spinal cord injury (www1.folha.uol.com.br)
Patients regained movement in the experimental phase of polylaminin, capable of regenerating the spinal cord in people who suffered organ rupture
29. I used standard Emacs extension-points to extend org-mode (edoput.it)
Recently I read this beginners guide to extend Emacs. The guide is perfect for starting out with elisp and it shows a lot of care in teaching how to interact with Emacs.
30. People Who Hunt Down Old TVs (www.bbc.com)
这篇文章探讨了一个小众但热情的群体：热衷于寻找和收藏老式阴极射线管电视，特别是专业视频显示器的爱好者。
- 动机与需求：这群人主要是复古电子游戏玩家和怀旧者。他们认为CRT电视独特的显示效果——如模糊的像素、深沉的色彩和扫描线——是体验经典游戏（如《宝可梦》）和观看老节目的“正确方式”。PVMs因其出色的画质和丰富的接口而备受追捧。此外，CRT技术在工业、军事等领域仍有应用，一些视频艺术家也使用它们进行创作。
- 寻找与获取：由于供给稀缺，寻找优质PVMs变得极具挑战性。爱好者们通过在线群组、eBay等渠道紧密关注信息，甚至需要与陌生人合作、长途跋涉去提货。十年前廉价易得的设备，如今价格已飙升至数百甚至上千美元。
- 维护与生态：这催生了一个围绕CRT电视的维护和转售小产业。像史蒂夫·纳特这样的专家提供专业维修服务（费用高昂），也有工程师在研究模拟CRT显示效果的升级转换器，为无法拥有实体电视的玩家提供替代方案。
- 社群与文化：爱好者们通过Facebook群组（如拥有超24万成员的“The CRT Collective”）等平台聚集，分享知识、设备和故事。这个社群的核心不仅是追求完美的复古画面，更是建立在共同兴趣之上的友谊。如玩家沙恩·乔希所言，最好的收获是结识了志同道合的朋友。
- 技术与怀旧：文章简要解释了CRT的工作原理及其被平板显示器取代的历史。尽管现代技术试图模拟CRT效果，但爱好者们认为老电视的物理特性（如开机声音和屏幕光晕）及其承载的童年记忆是无法完全复制的。牛津大学的教授指出，这类活动有助于重温青少年时期的记忆，并具有社交价值。
总之，对老式CRT电视的追寻是一场融合了技术复古、怀旧情结和社群文化的独特现象，爱好者们在追求理想显示效果的过程中，也重新发现了人际联结的乐趣。
31. Tips for installing Windows 98 in QEMU/UTM (sporks.space)
Windows 98 runs surprisingly well in QEMU via UTM SE, but it requires some care in setting it up. It’s a great way to run old 90s Windows and DOS software on your iPad (and Mac too, though you have… Continue reading →
32. An embarrassing failure of the US patent system: Nintendo's latest patents (www.pcgamer.com)
Bad patents like this cast a massive shadow on the industry.
33. Meow: Yet another modal editing on Emacs (github.com)
Yet another modal editing on Emacs / 猫态编辑. Contribute to meow-edit/meow development by creating an account on GitHub.
34. “Learning how to Learn” will be next generation's most needed skill (techxplore.com)
A top Google scientist and 2024 Nobel laureate said Friday that the most important skill for the next generation will be "learning how to learn" to keep pace with change as Artificial Intelligence transforms education and ...
35. How Container Filesystem Works: Building a Docker-Like Container from Scratch (labs.iximiuz.com)
Learn how Linux containers are built from the ground up. Starting with the mount namespace and a root filesystem, see why PID, cgroup, UTS, and network namespaces naturally follow - and how this foundation makes concepts like bind mounts, volumes, and persistence in Docker or Kubernetes much easier to grasp.
36. I wish my web server were in the corner of my room (2022) (interconnected.org)
Posted on Monday 10 Oct 2022. 1,417 words, 11 links. By Matt Webb.
37. Vector database that can index 1B vectors in 48M (www.vectroid.com)
Discover why we built Vectroid, a serverless vector database that delivers exceptional accuracy and low latency without compromising on cost. Learn about our approach to solving the traditional tradeoffs between speed, accuracy, and cost in vector search.
38. 60 years after Gemini, newly processed images reveal details (arstechnica.com)
新书《水星与双子座重制版》通过数字修复技术，让60年前的太空任务照片重现惊人细节，生动展现了早期太空探索的冒险与勇气。
背景与内容
- 为纪念水星与双子座计划60周年，作者安迪·桑德斯出版了《水星与双子座重制版》一书，包含300张精心修复的历史照片。
- 这些任务是美国早期载人航天的关键阶段，实现了多项“第一”（如首次太空行走），并充满极高风险。
- 桑德斯对所有任务拍摄的约5000张照片和大量16毫米胶片进行了全面审查、筛选和数字化修复。
修复技术与过程
- 原始材料状态：水星计划的照片保存状况较差，胶片有划痕、撕裂和涂改，因当时重技术而非保存。
- 筛选流程：桑德斯从5000张照片中初步筛选约800张，最终选定300张用于书籍，选择标准包括美学价值、历史意义或能辅助讲述任务故事。
- 数字修复：利用现代数字技术（如帧堆叠）增强图像细节，甚至能从严重欠曝的原始文件中提取信息，揭示肉眼原不可见的内容。
- 故事线重建：通过时间线分析（如结合任务时钟和胶片帧率），将照片精确映射到任务进程中，使每张照片成为叙述任务故事的片段。
关键任务与故事
- 双子座4号：埃德·怀特完成美国首次太空行走，但返回时舱门关闭困难，任务充满戏剧性。
- 双子座9A号：宇航员尤金·塞尔南的“地狱般太空行走”：面罩起雾几乎失明、宇航服撕裂、与指挥舱失联，关闭舱门时几乎窒息，惊险逃生。
- 水星-阿特拉斯6号（友谊7号）：约翰·格伦重返大气层时，热防护盾指示器异常，他通过手动拍摄的16毫米胶片记录了隔热罩燃烧的惊险时刻，桑德斯通过帧堆叠技术修复出极高清晰度的面部特写，展现了其沉着勇气。
历史意义与个人洞察
- 技术起源：水星计划初期无专用相机，约翰·格伦自行购买$40的相机并由NASA改装，开启了宇航员拍摄太空影像的传统。
- 人类视角：桑德斯强调，修复后的照片不仅呈现震撼的地球景观，更凸显了宇航员作为个体的风险与情感——通过任务记录、宇航员对话，读者能身临其境感受任务的紧张与非凡。
- 时代象征：这些照片标志着人类首次挣脱地球束缚、回望家园的瞬间，是太空探索史的永恒起点。
未来计划
- 桑德斯可能继续修复阿波罗-联盟测试计划、天空实验室及航天飞机早期任务的照片，但目前计划暂作休息。
- 本书与《阿波罗重制版》尺寸相同，共同构成从首次看见地球弧线到末次登月的完整视觉历史序列。
39. Migrating to React Native's new architecture (shopify.engineering)
Shopify successfully migrated two of its largest apps, Shopify Mobile and Shopify Point of Sale (POS) to React Native's New Architecture while maintaining weekly releases and serving millions of merchants. This migration involved a complex codebase with hundreds of screens and native modules, extensive custom components, and deep integration with first-party libraries like FlashList.
40. Wind turbine blade transportation challenges (spectrum.ieee.org)
Radia is building an airplane larger than a football field that will transport wind-turbine blades to onshore wind farms.
41. VaultGemma: The most capable differentially private LLM (research.google)
42. Human writers have always used the em dash (www.theringer.com)
Human writers have always used the em dash. In fact, it’s the most human punctuation mark there is.